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  lüll Out of thin air: sensory detection of oxygen and carbon dioxide Scott KNeuron  2011[Jan]; 69 (2): 194-202Oxygen (O(2)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) levels vary in different environments and  locally fluctuate during respiration and photosynthesis. Recent studies in  diverse animals have identified sensory neurons that detect these external  variations and direct a variety of behaviors. Detection allows animals to stay  within a preferred environment as well as identify potential food or dangers. The  complexity of sensation is reflected in the fact that neurons compartmentalize  detection into increases, decreases, and short-range and long-range cues. Animals  also adjust their responses to these prevalent signals in the context of other  cues, allowing for flexible behaviors. In general, the molecular mechanisms for  detection suggest that sensory neurons adopted ancient strategies for cellular  detection and coupled them to brain activity and behavior. This review highlights  the multiple strategies that animals use to extract information about their  environment from variations in O(2) and CO(2).|Adaptation, Biological[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Behavior, Animal/physiology[MESH]|Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism[MESH]|Cues[MESH]|Environment[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Oxygen/*metabolism[MESH]|Sensation/*physiology[MESH]|Sensory Receptor Cells/*metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/physiology[MESH] |