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Proteinuria thresholds are irrational: a call for proteinuria indexing Ellam TJ; El Nahas MNephron Clin Pract 2011[]; 118 (3): c217-24Current guidelines for chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis, referral and management are based on absolute thresholds of proteinuria/albuminuria with no reference to the residual nephron mass or function. This is illogical since the severity of proteinuria is a direct reflection of the number of filtering nephrons as well as their pathology and the capacity of the tubules to reabsorb filtered protein/albumin. The current simplistic approach to proteinuria may also compromise its usefulness as a robust guide to appropriate treatment, e.g. preferential use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The routine measurement of the urinary protein/albumin:creatinine ratio (PCR/ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) gives rise to the opportunity to index proteinuria for renal function (i.e. a PCR:eGFR or ACR:eGFR ratio). Since both PCR/ACR and eGFR are reflections of quantities assessed per unit body surface area, this is a logical approach to the assessment of proteinuria/albuminuria. We advocate a consideration of the benefits of indexing PCR/ACR for eGFR to optimise treatment decisions based on proteinuria/albuminuria.|*Practice Guidelines as Topic[MESH]|*Proteinuria[MESH]|Albuminuria[MESH]|Body Composition/physiology[MESH]|Creatinine/urine[MESH]|Glomerular Filtration Rate/*physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Muscle, Skeletal/physiology[MESH]|Nephrons/*physiology[MESH]|Prognosis[MESH]|Reference Values[MESH]|Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*diagnosis/therapy[MESH] |
