Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
free free
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll L2pB1: a new player in autoimmunity Zhong X; Rothstein TLMol Immunol 2011[Jun]; 48 (11): 1292-300L2pB1 cells (PD-L2positive B1 cells) are a newly discovered subpopulation of B1 B cells. L2pB1 cells are noted for the expression of PD-L2 (CD273, B7-DC), a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PD-1, which distinguishes this subpopulation from other B1 B cells that lack PD-L2, namely, L2nB1 cells (PD-L2negative B1 cells). PD-L2 gene expression is regulated differently in B1 B cells as compared to macrophages and dendritic cells. L2pB1 cells share many commonly known B1 cell features with L2nB1 cells. These include spontaneous IgM secretion, constitutive ERK activation, elevated co-stimulatory molecule expression, skewing of T cell differentiation, and unique proliferative responsiveness (to LPS, PMA, but not anti-IgM). However, L2pB1 cells express a biased Ig repertoire that is enriched for self-reactivity as compared with L2nB1 cells. Further, L2pB1 cells present antigen more potently than L2nB1 cells. In addition, L2pB1 cells switch Ig isotype more readily from IgM to IgG1 and IgG2b upon cytokine stimulation. Moreover, increased numbers of L2pB1 cells are present in murine models of lupus and this correlates with increased serum anti-dsDNA titers. These characteristics suggest that L2pB1 cells may play a pathophysiological role in autoimmune dyscrasias. In this report we review the special features of L2pB1 cells and how they may contribute to autoimmunity.|*Autoimmunity[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Autoantigens/immunology[MESH]|B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology[MESH]|B7-1 Antigen/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation/immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein[MESH]|RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH]|Th17 Cells/immunology[MESH] |