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lüll Small molecule inhibitors as countermeasures for botulinum neurotoxin intoxication Li B; Peet NP; Butler MM; Burnett JC; Moir DT; Bowlin TLMolecules 2010[Dec]; 16 (1): 202-20Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of known toxins and are listed as category A biothreat agents by the U.S. CDC. The BoNT-mediated proteolysis of SNARE proteins inhibits the exocytosis of acetylcholine into neuromuscular junctions, leading to life-threatening flaccid paralysis. Currently, the only therapy for BoNT intoxication (which results in the disease state botulism) includes experimental preventative antibodies and long-term supportive care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop inhibitors that will serve as both prophylactic agents and post-exposure 'rescue' therapeutics. This review focuses on recent progress to discover and develop small molecule inhibitors as therapeutic countermeasures for BoNT intoxication.|Acetylcholine/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Botulinum Toxins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry[MESH]|Crystallography, X-Ray[MESH]|Exocytosis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Molecular[MESH]|Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Conformation[MESH] |