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lüll Vitamin D insufficiency Thacher TD; Clarke BLMayo Clin Proc 2011[Jan]; 86 (1): 50-60Vitamin D deficiency, which classically manifests as bone disease (either rickets or osteomalacia), is characterized by impaired bone mineralization. More recently, the term vitamin D insufficiency has been used to describe low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D that may be associated with other disease outcomes. Reliance on a single cutoff value to define vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is problematic because of the wide individual variability of the functional effects of vitamin D and interaction with calcium intakes. In adults, vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of fractures and falls. The evidence for other purported beneficial effects of vitamin D is primarily based on observational studies. We selected studies with the strongest level of evidence for clinical decision making related to vitamin D and health outcomes from our personal libraries of the vitamin D literature and from a search of the PubMed database using the term vitamin D in combination with the following terms related to the potential nonskeletal benefits of vitamin D: mortality, cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, cancer, multiple sclerosis, allergy, asthma, infection, depression, psychiatric, and pain. Conclusive demonstration of these benefits awaits the outcome of controlled clinical trials.|Bacterial Infections/prevention & control[MESH]|Bone Density[MESH]|Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control[MESH]|Depression/prevention & control[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypersensitivity/prevention & control[MESH]|Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control[MESH]|Neoplasms/prevention & control[MESH]|Pain/prevention & control[MESH]|Renal Insufficiency/prevention & control[MESH]|Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications/*prevention & control[MESH]|Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood/therapeutic use[MESH] |