Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
free free
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll Breast cancer metastasis to the bone: mechanisms of bone loss Chen YC; Sosnoski DM; Mastro AMBreast Cancer Res 2010[]; 12 (6): 215Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the skeleton, interrupting the normal bone remodeling process and causing bone degradation. Osteolytic lesions are the end result of osteoclast activity; however, osteoclast differentiation and activation are mediated by osteoblast production of RANKL (receptor activator for NFkappaB ligand) and several osteoclastogenic cytokines. Osteoblasts themselves are negatively affected by cancer cells as evidenced by an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proteins required for new bone formation. Thus, bone loss is due to both increased activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts. This review summarizes the current understanding of the osteolytic mechanisms of bone metastases, including a discussion of current therapies.|Apoptosis[MESH]|Bone Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/*secondary[MESH]|Bone Remodeling[MESH]|Bone and Bones/metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology[MESH]|Cytokines/metabolism[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Osteoblasts/*metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Osteoclasts/*metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Osteolysis/*metabolism[MESH]|RANK Ligand/metabolism[MESH] |