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lüll Inflammasomes and autoimmunity Shaw PJ; McDermott MF; Kanneganti TDTrends Mol Med 2011[Feb]; 17 (2): 57-64The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family members are cytosolic sensors of microbial components and danger signals. A subset of NLRs control inflammasome assembly that results in caspase-1 activation and, in turn, IL-1beta and IL-18 production. Excessive inflammasome activation can cause autoinflammatory disorders, including the hereditary periodic fevers. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases form a disease spectrum of aberrant, immune-mediated inflammation against self, through innate and adaptive immunity. However, the role of inflammasomes in autoimmune disease is less clear than in autoinflammation, despite the numerous effects IL-1beta and IL-18 can have on shaping adaptive immunity. We summarize the role of inflammasomes in autoimmune disorders, highlight the need for a better understanding of inflammasomes in these conditions and offer suggestions for future research directions.|Animals[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/immunology[MESH]|Autoimmunity/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Inflammasomes/*immunology[MESH] |