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The interferon inducible gene: Viperin Fitzgerald KAJ Interferon Cytokine Res 2011[Jan]; 31 (1): 131-5The type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-alpha and -beta, are key effector molecules of the immune response to viruses. The anti-viral action of IFNs on virus-infected cells and surrounding tissues is mediated by expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes. Viperin (virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, IFN-inducible) is an Interferon stimulated gene (ISG), which is induced by type I, II, and III IFNs or after infection with a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. Recent evidence indicates that Viperin disrupts lipid rafts to block influenza virus budding and release and interferes with replication of hepatitis C virus by binding to lipid droplets, small organelles involved in lipid homeostasis that are essential for hepatitis C virus replication. Viperin is also induced by nonviral microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by a wide range of bacteria, suggesting a broader role in innate antimicrobial defenses.|*Gene Expression Regulation[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Innate[MESH]|Interferons/*metabolism[MESH]|Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors[MESH]|Phylogeny[MESH]|Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs[MESH]|Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism[MESH] |
