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lüll Expanding role of ubiquitination in NF-kappaB signaling Liu S; Chen ZJCell Res 2011[Jan]; 21 (1): 6-21Best known for its role in targeting protein degradation by the proteasome, ubiquitin modification has also emerged as an important mechanism that regulates cell signaling through proteasome-independent mechanisms. The role of ubiquitin as a versatile signaling tag is characteristically illustrated in the NF-kappaB pathways, which regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes in response to diverse stimuli. Here, we review the role of ubiquitination in different steps of the NF-kappaB signaling cascades, focusing on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of protein kinase activation by polyubiquitin chains in different pathways that converge on NF-kappaB.|Apoptosis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|NF-kappa B/*metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism[MESH]|Ubiquitin/metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Ubiquitination/*physiology[MESH] |