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lüll Structural studies of NF-kappaB signaling Zheng C; Yin Q; Wu HCell Res 2011[Jan]; 21 (1): 183-95NF-kappaBs are a family of transcription factors that control a number of essential cellular functions including immune responses, cell proliferation and antiapoptosis. NF-kappaB activities are tightly regulated through upstream signaling molecules and downstream feedback loops. In this review, structural discoveries in the NF-kappaB pathway are presented. With the structure information, the following questions may be addressed: (1) How do NF-kappaBs activate their target genes? (2) How do IkappaBs inhibit NF-kappaB activities in the steady state? (3) How do upstream signaling molecules activate the NF-kappaB pathway? and (4) How do the feedback loops shut down the NF-kappaB pathway to avoid constitutive NF-kappaB activation?|DNA/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|I-kappa B Kinase/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|NF-kappa B/*chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Binding[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/metabolism[MESH] |