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lüll Profile of a serial killer: cellular and molecular approaches to study individual cytotoxic T-cells following therapeutic vaccination Iancu EM; Baumgaertner P; Wieckowski S; Speiser DE; Rufer NJ Biomed Biotechnol 2011[]; 2011 (ä): 452606T-cell vaccination may prevent or treat cancer and infectious diseases, but further progress is required to increase clinical efficacy. Step-by-step improvements of T-cell vaccination in phase I/II clinical studies combined with very detailed analysis of T-cell responses at the single cell level are the strategy of choice for the identification of the most promising vaccine candidates for testing in subsequent large-scale phase III clinical trials. Major aims are to fully identify the most efficient T-cells in anticancer therapy, to characterize their TCRs, and to pinpoint the mechanisms of T-cell recruitment and function in well-defined clinical situations. Here we discuss novel strategies for the assessment of human T-cell responses, revealing in part unprecedented insight into T-cell biology and novel structural principles that govern TCR-pMHC recognition. Together, the described approaches advance our knowledge of T-cell mediated-protection from human diseases.|Animals[MESH]|CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology[MESH]|Cancer Vaccines/*metabolism[MESH]|Cell Differentiation[MESH]|Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic[MESH]|Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic[MESH]|Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic[MESH]|Gene Expression Profiling[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immune System[MESH]|Major Histocompatibility Complex[MESH]|Melanoma/therapy[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Neoplasms/*immunology/*therapy[MESH]|Phenotype[MESH]|Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*cytology/immunology[MESH] |