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lüll Diversity in immunological synapse structure Thauland TJ; Parker DCImmunology 2010[Dec]; 131 (4): 466-72Immunological synapses (ISs) are formed at the T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interface during antigen recognition, and play a central role in T-cell activation and in the delivery of effector functions. ISs were originally described as a peripheral ring of adhesion molecules surrounding a central accumulation of T-cell receptor (TCR)-peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions. Although the structure of these 'classical' ISs has been the subject of intense study, non-classical ISs have also been observed under a variety of conditions. Multifocal ISs, characterized by adhesion molecules dispersed among numerous small accumulations of TCR-pMHC, and motile 'immunological kinapses' have both been described. In this review, we discuss the conditions under which non-classical ISs are formed. Specifically, we explore the profound effect that the phenotypes of both T cells and APCs have on IS structure. We also comment on the role that IS structure may play in T-cell function.|Animals[MESH]|Antigen-Presenting Cells/cytology/*immunology[MESH]|Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology[MESH]|Cell Communication/*immunology[MESH]|Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology[MESH]|Immunological Synapses/*immunology[MESH]|Peptides/immunology[MESH]|Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology[MESH] |