Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
free free
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll Budesonide/formoterol combination in COPD: a US perspective Sharafkhaneh A; Mattewal AS; Abraham VM; Dronavalli G; Hanania NAInt J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2010[Oct]; 5 (ä): 357-66Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease of the lung caused primarily by exposure to cigarette smoke. Clinically, it presents with progressive cough, sputum production, dyspnea, reduced exercise capacity, and diminished quality of life. Physiologically, it is characterized by the presence of partially reversible expiratory airflow limitation and hyperinflation. Pathologically, COPD is a multicomponent disease characterized by bronchial submucosal mucous gland hypertrophy, bronchiolar mucosal hyperplasia, increased luminal inflammatory mucus, airway wall inflammation and scarring, and alveolar wall damage and destruction. Management of COPD involves both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. Bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are recommended medications for management of COPD especially in more severe disease. Combination therapies containing these medications are now available for the chronic management of stable COPD. The US Food and Drug Administration, recently, approved the combination of budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 mug; Symbicort, AstraZeneca, Sweden) delivered via a pressurized meter dose inhaler for maintenance management of stable COPD. The combination also is delivered via dry powder inhaler (Symbicort and Turbuhaler, AstraZeneca, Sweden) but is not approved for use in the United States. In this review, we evaluate available data of the efficacy and safety of this combination in patients with COPD.|Administration, Inhalation[MESH]|Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate Drug Combination[MESH]|Budesonide/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Drug Combinations[MESH]|Ethanolamines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Evidence-Based Medicine[MESH]|Formoterol Fumarate[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Metered Dose Inhalers[MESH]|Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*drug therapy[MESH]|Risk Assessment[MESH]|Treatment Outcome[MESH]|United States[MESH] |