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lüll Induction of immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 by vaccination McElrath MJ; Haynes BFImmunity 2010[Oct]; 33 (4): 542-54Recent findings have brought optimism that development of a successful human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine lies within reach. Studies of early events in HIV-1 infection have revealed when and where HIV-1 is potentially vulnerable to vaccine-targeted immune responses. With technical advances in human antibody production, clues about how antibodies recognize HIV-1 envelope proteins have uncovered new targets for immunogen design. A recent vaccine regimen has shown modest efficacy against HIV-1 acquisition. However, inducing long-term T and B cell memory and coping with HIV-1 diversity remain high priorities. Mediators of innate immunity may play pivotal roles in blocking infection and shaping immunity; vaccine strategies to capture these activities are under investigation. Challenges remain in integrating basic, preclinical and clinical research to improve predictions of types of immunity associated with vaccine efficacy, to apply these insights to immunogen design, and to accelerate evaluation of vaccine efficacy in persons at-risk for infection.|*Vaccination[MESH]|AIDS Vaccines/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology[MESH]|Antibody Specificity[MESH]|CD4 Antigens/metabolism[MESH]|Clinical Trials as Topic[MESH]|Genetic Vectors[MESH]|HIV Antibodies/immunology[MESH]|HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology[MESH]|HIV-1/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Innate[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH] |