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An immune paradox: how can the same chemokine axis regulate both immune tolerance and activation?: CCR6/CCL20: a chemokine axis balancing immunological tolerance and inflammation in autoimmune disease Comerford I; Bunting M; Fenix K; Haylock-Jacobs S; Litchfield W; Harata-Lee Y; Turvey M; Brazzatti J; Gregor C; Nguyen P; Kara E; McColl SRBioessays 2010[Dec]; 32 (12): 1067-76Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) drive and direct leukocyte traffic. New evidence suggests that the unusual CCR6/CCL20 chemokine receptor/ligand axis provides key homing signals for recently identified cells of the adaptive immune system, recruiting both pro-inflammatory and suppressive T cell subsets. Thus CCR6 and CCL20 have been recently implicated in various human pathologies, particularly in autoimmune disease. These studies have revealed that targeting CCR6/CCL20 can enhance or inhibit autoimmune disease depending on the cellular basis of pathogenesis and the cell subtype most affected through different CCR6/CCL20 manipulations. Here, we discuss the significance of this chemokine receptor/ligand axis in immune and inflammatory functions, consider the potential for targeting CCR6/CCL20 in human autoimmunity and propose that the shared evolutionary origins of pro-inflammatory and regulatory T cells may contribute to the reason why both immune activation and regulation might be controlled through the same chemokine pathway.|*Immune Tolerance[MESH]|Adaptive Immunity[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Chemokine CCL20/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Inflammation/*immunology[MESH]|Receptors, CCR6/*immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH]|Th17 Cells/metabolism[MESH] |
