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lüll The mammalian target of rapamycin: linking T cell differentiation, function, and metabolism Powell JD; Delgoffe GMImmunity 2010[Sep]; 33 (3): 301-11In the two-signal model of T cell activation, the outcome of antigen recognition is determined by the integration of multiple cues in the immune microenvironment. mTOR is an evolutionarily conserved PI3-kinase family member that plays a central role in integrating environmental cues in the form of amino acids, energy, and growth factors. Recently, an increasingly important role for mTOR in directing T cell activation and differentiation has become apparent. Here we review recent findings demonstrating the ability of mTOR to interpret signals in the immune microenvironment and program the generation of CD4(+) effector versus regulatory T cells, the generation of CD8(+) effector versus memory cells, T cell trafficking, and T cell activation versus anergy. The key theme to emerge from these studies is that the central role of mTOR provides a direct link between T cell metabolism and function.|Adaptive Immunity[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cell Differentiation[MESH]|Cell Movement[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunologic Memory[MESH]|Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*physiology[MESH]|Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1[MESH]|Multiprotein Complexes[MESH]|Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/*physiology[MESH]|Proteins[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*physiology[MESH]|TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases[MESH]|Th1 Cells/immunology[MESH]|Transcription Factors/physiology[MESH] |