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lüll Interleukin-9 as a T helper type 17 cytokine Nowak EC; Noelle RJImmunology 2010[Oct]; 131 (2): 169-73The production of interleukin-9 (IL-9) by CD4 T cells has gathered renewed interest as the result of the observation that its expression is broader than originally thought. This includes the production of IL-9 by a recently characterized subset of CD4 helper T (Th) cells that are termed Th9 as well as production by additional T-cell subsets including Th17 cells. There is an incomplete understanding as to which IL-9-producing T-cell subsets develop under physiological conditions. We describe the conditions used to generate IL-9 in Th17 cells in vitro. We also summarize conditions where both IL-9 and IL-17 are found in vivo and propose that Th17 cells producing IL-9 may co-exist and interact with Th9 cells during conditions of autoimmunity, allergy and infection.|Animals[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Interleukin-9/*metabolism[MESH]|Models, Immunological[MESH]|Th17 Cells/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |