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lüll (99m)Tc-Methyl diphosphonate Chopra AMolecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)-/-ä 2004[]; ä (ä): äInvasive procedures are often necessary to treat internal bone injuries or disorders. Therefore it is important for individuals providing treatment to accurately diagnose the disorder to provide the most suitable therapy before subjecting the patient to any invasive procedures. Bone injuries are often investigated either by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans using radionuclides (1). The SPECT technique is based on imaging of radionuclides and the fact that certain elements or compounds concentrate selectively in specific tissue. Compared to other imaging techniques, e.g., planar scintigraphy, SPECT provides detailed information about the anatomy and physiological state of the bone (1, 2). Bone SPECT has been used to detect early osteonecrosis of the femoral head in renal transplant patients (3), to investigate internal derangement and stress fractures of the knee (4, 5) and also to monitor bone metastasis in breast (6), gastric (7), and prostate (8) cancers. Imaging with (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) is the initial method of choice to detect skeletal metastases in cancer patients (9). For SPECT of the bone, metastable technetium ((99m)Tc) is tagged onto a phosphonate compound such as MDP to generate (99m)Tc-MDP, which selectively concentrates in the bone. Although accumulation of (99m)Tc-MDP in the bone is caused by its chemical adsorption onto, and into, the crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite (10), but the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is believed to convert it into ATP analogues that inhibit any ATP-dependent enzymes and result in cellular apoptosis (11). For scintigraphy the labeled compound is administered intravenously to the patient and SPECT is subsequently performed after suitable time periods. (99m)Tc-MDP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an imaging agent to investigate osteogenesis and is commercially available in kit form (12).Results obtained with any new radiolabeled compound being evaluated for bone imaging in clinical trials are compared to those obtained with (99m)Tc-MDP.ä |