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Application of molecular diagnostics for the detection of Lynch syndrome Pino MS; Chung DCExpert Rev Mol Diagn 2010[Jul]; 10 (5): 651-65Lynch syndrome (LS), or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, accounting for approximately 2-5% of all newly diagnosed cases of CRC. Patients with LS have an increased lifetime risk of colorectal (52.2% in women and 68.7% in men) and endometrial cancer (15-70%), as well as certain extra-colonic cancers. Germline mutations in one of several DNA mismatch repair genes underlie LS. Molecular testing has emerged as an indispensable strategy for the diagnosis of LS. The diagnostic work-up of at-risk individuals includes a careful family history evaluation, microsatellite instability, immunohistochemistry and germline DNA analysis. A positive test result can guide clinicians in formulating the appropriate screening, surveillance and management strategies. However, because of the absence of an overt phenotype, such as a diffuse polyposis, it is not always straightforward to recognize LS clinically.|*Immunohistochemistry[MESH]|Algorithms[MESH]|Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis[MESH]|Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/*diagnosis/*genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Genetic Predisposition to Disease[MESH]|Genetic Testing/*methods[MESH]|Germ-Line Mutation[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Microsatellite Instability[MESH]|Polymorphism, Genetic[MESH] |
