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lüll An update on sphingosine-1-phosphate and other sphingolipid mediators Fyrst H; Saba JDNat Chem Biol 2010[Jul]; 6 (7): 489-97Sphingolipids comprise a complex family of naturally occurring molecules that are enriched in lipid rafts and contribute to their unique biochemical properties. Membrane sphingolipids also serve as a reservoir for bioactive metabolites including sphingosine, ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate. Among these, sphingosine-1-phosphate has emerged as a central regulator of mammalian biology. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is essential for mammalian brain and cardiac development and for maturation of the systemic circulatory system and lymphatics. In addition, sphingosine-1-phosphate contributes to trafficking and effector functions of lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells and protects against various forms of tissue injury. However, sphingosine-1-phosphate is also an oncogenic lipid that promotes tumor growth and progression. Recent preclinical and clinical investigations using pharmacological agents that target sphingosine-1-phosphate, its receptors and the enzymes required for its biosynthesis and degradation demonstrate the promise and potential risks of modulating sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in treatment strategies for autoimmunity, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other pathological conditions.|Animals[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lysophospholipids/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Sphingolipids/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/genetics/metabolism[MESH] |