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lüll Equol: history, chemistry, and formation Setchell KD; Clerici CJ Nutr 2010[Jul]; 140 (7): 1355S-62SEquol, first isolated from equine urine in 1932 and identified 50 years later in human urine as a metabolite of the soy isoflavones, daidzin and daidzein, is produced by intestinal bacteria in some, but not all, adults. This observation led to the term equol-producers to define those adults that could make equol in response to consuming soy isoflavones and the hypothesis that the health benefits of soy-based diets may be greater in equol-producers than in equol nonproducers. By virtue of a chiral center, equol occurs as a diastereoisomer and intestinal bacteria are enantiospecific in synthesizing exclusively the S-(-)equol enantiomer, an enantiomer that has selective affinity for the estrogen receptor-beta. Both enantiomers are of interest from a clinical and pharmacological perspective and are currently being developed as nutraceutical and pharmacological agents. The wide range of biological activities these enantiomers possess warrants their investigation for the treatment of a number of hormone-related conditions involving estrogen-dependent and androgen-related conditions. The following review describes the history, chemistry, and factors governing the intestinal bacterial formation of equol.|Animals[MESH]|Bacteria/metabolism[MESH]|Biotransformation[MESH]|Equol[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Intestines/microbiology[MESH]|Isoflavones/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics[MESH]|Stereoisomerism[MESH] |