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Vitamin D: metabolism Christakos S; Ajibade DV; Dhawan P; Fechner AJ; Mady LJEndocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2010[Jun]; 39 (2): 243-53, table of contentsThe biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), affects mineral homeostasis and has numerous other diverse physiologic functions including effects on growth of cancer cells and protection against certain immune disorders. This article reviews the role of vitamin D hydroxylases in providing a tightly regulated supply of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The role of extrarenal 1alpha(OH)ase in placenta and macrophages is also discussed, as well as regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases in aging and chronic kidney disease. Understanding specific factors involved in regulating the hydroxylases may lead to the design of drugs that can selectively modulate the hydroxylases. The ability to alter levels of these enzymes would have therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases, including bone loss disorders and certain immune diseases.|Animals[MESH]|Cholecalciferol/*biosynthesis/*metabolism[MESH]|Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/*biosynthesis[MESH]|Chronic Disease[MESH]|Cytochrome P450 Family 2[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Kidney Diseases/metabolism[MESH]|Kidney/enzymology[MESH]|Liver/enzymology[MESH]|Macrophages/metabolism[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Placenta/metabolism[MESH]|Pregnancy/metabolism[MESH]|Steroid Hydroxylases/*biosynthesis[MESH]|Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism[MESH]|Vitamin D-Binding Protein/*metabolism[MESH]|Vitamin D/*metabolism[MESH] |
