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lüll Roles of oral bacteria in cardiovascular diseases--from molecular mechanisms to clinical cases: Cell-surface structures of novel serotype k Streptococcus mutans strains and their correlation to virulence Nakano K; Nomura R; Matsumoto M; Ooshima TJ Pharmacol Sci 2010[]; 113 (2): 120-5Streptococcus mutans is generally known as a pathogen of dental caries, and it is also considered to cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE). S. mutans was previously classified into 3 serotypes, c, e, and f, due to the different chemical compositions of the serotype-specific polysaccharides, which are composed of a rhamnose backbone and glucose side chains. We recently designated non-c/e/f serotype S. mutans strains as novel serotype k, which is characterized by a drastic reduction in the amount of the glucose side chain. A common biological feature of novel serotype-k strains is a lower level of cariogenicity due to alterations of several major cell surface protein antigens. As for virulence in blood, these strains survive in blood for a longer duration due to lower antigenicity, while the detection rate of all strains carrying the gene encoding collagen-binding adhesin has been shown to be high. Furthermore, molecular biological analyses of infected heart valve specimens obtained from IE patients revealed a high detection rate of serotype-k S. mutans. Together, these findings suggest that serotype-k S. mutans strains show low cariogenicity but high virulence in blood as compared to the other serotypes, due to alterations of several cell surface structures.|*Streptococcal Infections[MESH]|Bacteremia/microbiology[MESH]|Blood/microbiology[MESH]|Cardiovascular System/microbiology[MESH]|Endocarditis, Bacterial/*microbiology[MESH]|Glucose[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry[MESH]|Rhamnose[MESH]|Serotyping[MESH]|Streptococcus mutans/*chemistry/classification/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity[MESH]|Virulence[MESH] |