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lüll Interoception in anxiety and depression Paulus MP; Stein MBBrain Struct Funct 2010[Jun]; 214 (5-6): 451-63We review the literature on interoception as it relates to depression and anxiety, with a focus on belief, and alliesthesia. The connection between increased but noisy afferent interoceptive input, self-referential and belief-based states, and top-down modulation of poorly predictive signals is integrated into a neuroanatomical and processing model for depression and anxiety. The advantage of this conceptualization is the ability to specifically examine the interface between basic interoception, self-referential belief-based states, and enhanced top-down modulation to attenuate poor predictability. We conclude that depression and anxiety are not simply interoceptive disorders but are altered interoceptive states as a consequence of noisily amplified self-referential interoceptive predictive belief states.|*Body Image[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Anxiety Disorders/*physiopathology[MESH]|Awareness/*physiology[MESH]|Cerebral Cortex/*physiology[MESH]|Depressive Disorder/*physiopathology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Neurological[MESH]|Self Concept[MESH]|Visceral Afferents/*physiology[MESH] |