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lüll Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells for immunotherapy of cancer Cartellieri M; Bachmann M; Feldmann A; Bippes C; Stamova S; Wehner R; Temme A; Schmitz MJ Biomed Biotechnol 2010[]; 2010 (ä): 956304CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are powerful components of adaptive immunity, which essentially contribute to the elimination of tumors. Due to their cytotoxic capacity, T cells emerged as attractive candidates for specific immunotherapy of cancer. A promising approach is the genetic modification of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). First generation CARs consist of a binding moiety specifically recognizing a tumor cell surface antigen and a lymphocyte activating signaling chain. The CAR-mediated recognition induces cytokine production and tumor-directed cytotoxicity of T cells. Second and third generation CARs include signal sequences from various costimulatory molecules resulting in enhanced T-cell persistence and sustained antitumor reaction. Clinical trials revealed that the adoptive transfer of T cells engineered with first generation CARs represents a feasible concept for the induction of clinical responses in some tumor patients. However, further improvement is required, which may be achieved by second or third generation CAR-engrafted T cells.|*Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/metabolism[MESH]|*Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunotherapy/*methods[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Models, Immunological[MESH]|Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy[MESH]|Protein Engineering/*methods[MESH]|Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Signal Transduction/immunology[MESH] |