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Targets and effects of yessotoxin, okadaic acid and palytoxin: a differential review Franchini A; Malagoli D; Ottaviani EMar Drugs 2010[Mar]; 8 (3): 658-77In this review, we focus on processes, organs and systems targeted by the marine toxins yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA) and palytoxin (PTX). The effects of YTX and their basis are analyzed from data collected in the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, Swiss CD1 mice and invertebrate and vertebrate cell cultures. OA and PTX, two toxins with a better established mode of action, are analyzed with regard to their effects on development. The amphibian Xenopus laevis is used as a model, and the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) as the experimental protocol.|Acrylamides/*toxicity[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Annelida/*drug effects[MESH]|Cell Line[MESH]|Cnidarian Venoms[MESH]|Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects[MESH]|Immune System/*drug effects[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mollusk Venoms[MESH]|Mytilus/*drug effects[MESH]|Okadaic Acid/*toxicity[MESH]|Oxocins/*toxicity[MESH]|Xenopus laevis/embryology[MESH] |