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Imaging atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque Sadeghi MM; Glover DK; Lanza GM; Fayad ZA; Johnson LLJ Nucl Med 2010[May]; 51 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 51S-65SIdentifying patients at high risk for an acute cardiovascular event such as myocardial infarction or stroke and assessing the total atherosclerotic burden are clinically important. Currently available imaging modalities can delineate vascular wall anatomy and, with novel probes, target biologic processes important in plaque evolution and plaque stability. Expansion of the vessel wall involving remodeling of the extracellular matrix can be imaged, as can angiogenesis of the vasa vasorum, plaque inflammation, and fibrin deposits on early nonocclusive vascular thrombosis. Several imaging platforms are available for targeted vascular imaging to acquire information on both anatomy and pathobiology in the same imaging session using either hybrid technology (nuclear combined with CT) or MRI combined with novel probes targeting processes identified by molecular biology to be of importance. This article will discuss the current state of the art of these modalities and challenges to clinical translation.|Animals[MESH]|Atherosclerosis/diagnosis/*pathology[MESH]|Clinical Trials as Topic[MESH]|Contrast Media/pharmacology[MESH]|Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Ferric Compounds/chemistry[MESH]|Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Inflammation/pathology[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods[MESH]|Nanoparticles/chemistry[MESH]|Neovascularization, Pathologic[MESH]|Risk[MESH]|Thrombosis/pathology[MESH]|Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods[MESH]|Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods[MESH] |