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lüll Single-molecule approaches to probe the structure, kinetics, and thermodynamics of nucleoprotein complexes that regulate transcription Finzi L; Dunlap DDJ Biol Chem 2010[Jun]; 285 (25): 18973-8Single-molecule experimentation has contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanics of nucleoprotein complexes that regulate epigenetic switches. In this minireview, we will discuss the application of the tethered-particle motion technique, magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy to (i) directly visualize and thermodynamically characterize DNA loops induced by the lac, gal, and lambda repressors and (ii) understand the mechanistic role of DNA-supercoiling and DNA-bending cofactors in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.|*Transcription, Genetic[MESH]|Bacteria/*metabolism[MESH]|Bacteriophages/metabolism[MESH]|Biochemistry/*methods[MESH]|DNA/chemistry[MESH]|Dimerization[MESH]|Epigenesis, Genetic[MESH]|Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics[MESH]|Kinetics[MESH]|Lac Repressors/genetics[MESH]|Magnetics[MESH]|Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods[MESH]|Nucleoproteins/*chemistry[MESH]|Optical Tweezers[MESH]|Repressor Proteins/genetics[MESH]|Thermodynamics[MESH]|Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/genetics[MESH] |