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lüll Whole tumor antigen vaccines Chiang CL; Benencia F; Coukos GSemin Immunol 2010[Jun]; 22 (3): 132-43Although cancer vaccines with defined antigens are commonly used, the use of whole tumor cell preparations in tumor immunotherapy is a very promising approach and can obviate some important limitations in vaccine development. Whole tumor cells are a good source of TAAs and can induce simultaneous CTLs and CD4(+) T helper cell activation. We review current approaches to prepare whole tumor cell vaccines, including traditional methods of freeze-thaw lysates, tumor cells treated with ultraviolet irradiation, and RNA electroporation, along with more recent methods to increase tumor cell immunogenicity with HOCl oxidation or infection with replication-incompetent herpes simplex virus.|Animals[MESH]|Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Cancer Vaccines/*immunology[MESH]|Dendritic Cells/*cytology[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunotherapy/methods[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Necrosis[MESH]|Ovarian Neoplasms/*immunology/therapy[MESH]|Simplexvirus/immunology[MESH] |