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lüll Molecular basis of calcium signaling in lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI Hogan PG; Lewis RS; Rao AAnnu Rev Immunol 2010[]; 28 (ä): 491-533Ca(2+) entry into cells of the peripheral immune system occurs through highly Ca(2+)-selective channels known as CRAC (calcium release-activated calcium) channels. CRAC channels are a very well-characterized example of store-operated Ca(2+) channels, so designated because they open when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) store becomes depleted. Physiologically, Ca(2+) is released from the ER lumen into the cytoplasm when activated receptors couple to phospholipase C and trigger production of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)). IP(3) binds to IP(3) receptors in the ER membrane and activates Ca(2+) release. The proteins STIM and ORAI were discovered through limited and genome-wide RNAi screens, respectively, performed in Drosophila cells and focused on identifying modulators of store-operated Ca(2+) entry. STIM1 and STIM2 sense the depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores, whereas ORAI1 is a pore subunit of the CRAC channel. In this review, we discuss selected aspects of Ca(2+) signaling in cells of the immune system, focusing on the roles of STIM and ORAI proteins in store-operated Ca(2+) entry.|*Calcium Signaling[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium Channels/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lymphocytes/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Protein Transport[MESH] |