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The fetal venous system, Part II: ultrasound evaluation of the fetus with congenital venous system malformation or developing circulatory compromise Yagel S; Kivilevitch Z; Cohen SM; Valsky DV; Messing B; Shen O; Achiron RUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010[Jul]; 36 (1): 93-111The human fetal venous system is well-recognized as a target for investigation in cases of circulatory compromise, and a broad spectrum of malformations affecting this system has been described. In Part I of this review, we described the normal embryology, anatomy and physiology of this system, essential to the understanding of structural anomalies and the sequential changes encountered in intrauterine growth restriction and other developmental disorders. In Part II we review the etiology and sonographic appearance of malformations of the human fetal venous system, discuss the pathophysiology of the system and describe venous Doppler investigation in the fetus with circulatory compromise.|Blood Flow Velocity[MESH]|Ductus Arteriosus/abnormalities/diagnostic imaging[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Fetus/*blood supply[MESH]|Hemodynamics/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Pregnancy[MESH]|Prognosis[MESH]|Ultrasonography, Prenatal[MESH]|Vascular Malformations/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology[MESH]|Veins/abnormalities/*diagnostic imaging[MESH] |
