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mTOR inhibitor/proliferation signal inhibitors: entering or leaving the field?Rostaing L; Kamar NJ Nephrol 2010[Mar]; 23 (2): 133-42BACKGROUND: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that controls cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients, growth factors, cellular energy and stress, and has pleiotropic effects. Its blockade, by mTOR inhibitors (mTOR-Is), such as sirolimus or everolimus, leads to antiproliferative effects. METHODS: We have reviewed the major studies that deal with the utilization of mTOR-Is after kidney transplant and the outcomes. RESULTS: Calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) avoidance, under the umbrella of sirolimus-based immunosuppression in de novo kidney-transplant (KT) patients, is associated with worse results compared with those observed in patients receiving CNI-based immunosuppression. Conversely, using mTOR-Is in the context of CNI minimization and CNI-free protocols is safe and efficient when used after 3 months post-transplant. If cyclosporin A (CsA) is used in combination with mTOR-I, considerable dose reduction of both drugs is required. A better choice may be withdrawal of CsA from this combination after 3-12 months. Later withdrawal or conversion to an mTOR-I may not be beneficial. Kidney transplant recipients given mTOR-Is have reduced incidence of de novo posttransplant malignancies. Posttransplant Kaposi's sarcoma and nonmelanotic skin malignancies frequently undergo remission/regression after conversion to mTOR-I immunosuppression. The associated side effects of mTOR-Is are numerous and may lead to significant drug cessation. CONCLUSION: mTOR-Is could be more widely used in kidney transplant patients due to reduced nephrotoxicity and de novo cancer compared with CNIs.|*Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects[MESH]|Calcineurin Inhibitors[MESH]|Cell Proliferation/*drug effects[MESH]|Drug Therapy, Combination[MESH]|Evidence-Based Medicine[MESH]|Graft Rejection/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control[MESH]|Graft Survival/*drug effects[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism[MESH]|Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control[MESH]|Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism[MESH]|Risk Assessment[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*drug effects[MESH]|TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases[MESH]|Time Factors[MESH]|Treatment Outcome[MESH] |
