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lüll Specificity and spatial dynamics of protein kinase A signaling organized by A-kinase-anchoring proteins Pidoux G; Tasken KJ Mol Endocrinol 2010[May]; 44 (5): 271-84Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification observed in cell signaling and is controlled by the balance between protein kinase and phosphatase activities. The cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is one of the most studied and well-known signal pathways. To maintain a high level of specificity, the cAMP-PKA pathway is tightly regulated in space and time. A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) target PKA to specific substrates and distinct subcellular compartments providing spatial and temporal specificity in the mediation of biological effects controlled by the cAMP-PKA pathway. AKAPs also serve as scaffolding proteins that assemble PKA together with signal terminators such as phosphoprotein phosphatases and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases as well as components of other signaling pathways into multiprotein-signaling complexes.|*Signal Transduction[MESH]|3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism[MESH]|A Kinase Anchor Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism[MESH]|Cyclic AMP/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism[MESH]|Phosphorylation[MESH]|Substrate Specificity[MESH] |