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lüll The role of lipopeptidophosphoglycan in the immune response to Entamoeba histolytica Wong-Baeza I; Alcantara-Hernandez M; Mancilla-Herrera I; Ramirez-Saldivar I; Arriaga-Pizano L; Ferat-Osorio E; Lopez-Macias C; Isibasi AJ Biomed Biotechnol 2010[]; 2010 (ä): 254521The sensing of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), is the first step in the inflammatory response to pathogens. Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, has a surface molecule with the characteristics of a PAMP. This molecule, which was termed lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG), is recognized through TLR2 and TLR4 and leads to the release of cytokines from human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells; LPPG-activated dendritic cells have increased expression of costimulatory molecules. LPPG activates NKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner, and this interaction limits amebic liver abscess development. LPPG also induces antibody production, and anti-LPPG antibodies prevent disease development in animal models of amebiasis. Because LPPG is recognized by both the innate and the adaptive immune system (it is a "Pamptigen"), it may be a good candidate to develop a vaccine against E. histolytica infection and an effective adjuvant.|Animals[MESH]|Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology[MESH]|Entamoeba histolytica/*immunology[MESH]|Entamoebiasis/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Immunological[MESH]|Peptidoglycan/*immunology[MESH]|Phospholipids/*immunology[MESH] |