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lüll Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid among atomic bomb survivors: tumor characteristics and radiation risk Hayashi Y; Lagarde F; Tsuda N; Funamoto S; Preston DL; Koyama K; Mabuchi K; Ron E; Kodama K; Tokuoka SCancer 2010[Apr]; 116 (7): 1646-55BACKGROUND: : Radiation exposure is an established cause of clinical thyroid cancer, but little is known about radiation effects on papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid, a relatively common subclinical thyroid malignancy. Because the incidence of these small thyroid cancers has been increasing, it is important to better understand them and their relation to radiation. METHODS: : PMCs were identified in a subset of 7659 members of the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors who had archived autopsy or surgical materials. We conducted a pathology review of these specimens and evaluated the histological features of the tumors and the association between PMCs and thyroid radiation dose. RESULTS: : From 1958 to 1995, 458 PMCs were detected among 313 study subjects. The majority of cancers exhibited pathologic features of papillary thyroid cancers. Overall, 81% of the PMCs were of the sclerosing variant and 91% were nonencapsulated, psammoma bodies that occurred in 13% and calcification was observed in 23%. Over 95% had papillary or papillary-follicular architecture and most displayed nuclear overlap, clear nuclei, and nuclear grooves. Several of these features increased with increasing tumor size, but no association was found with radiation dose. A significant radiation-dose response was found for the prevalence of PMCs (estimated excess odds ratio/Gy = 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-1.55), with the excess risk observed primarily among women. CONCLUSIONS: : Exposure to low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation appears to increase the risk of thyroid PMCs, even when exposure occurs during adulthood. Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society.|*Nuclear Weapons[MESH]|Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy/*epidemiology/etiology/pathology[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Aged, 80 and over[MESH]|Autopsy[MESH]|Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Incidence[MESH]|Japan/epidemiology[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology[MESH]|Nuclear Warfare[MESH]|Radiation, Ionizing[MESH]|Risk Factors[MESH]|Survivors[MESH]|Thyroid Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/pathology[MESH] |