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Group VIA Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2beta) and its role in beta-cell programmed cell death Lei X; Barbour SE; Ramanadham SBiochimie 2010[Jun]; 92 (6): 627-37Activation of phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) leads to the generation of biologically active lipid mediators that can affect numerous cellular events. The Group VIA Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2), designated iPLA(2)beta, is active in the absence of Ca(2+), activated by ATP, and inhibited by the bromoenol lactone suicide inhibitor (BEL). Over the past 10-15 years, studies using BEL have demonstrated that iPLA(2)beta participates in various biological processes and the recent availability of mice in which iPLA(2)beta expression levels have been genetically-modified are extending these findings. Work in our laboratory suggests that iPLA(2)beta activates a unique signaling cascade that promotes beta-cell apoptosis. This pathway involves iPLA(2)beta dependent induction of neutral sphingomyelinase, production of ceramide, and activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. There is a growing body of literature supporting beta-cell apoptosis as a major contributor to the loss of beta-cell mass associated with the onset and progression of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. This underscores a need to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying beta-cell apoptosis so that improved treatments can be developed to prevent or delay the onset and progression of diabetes mellitus. Herein, we offer a general review of Group VIA Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)beta) followed by a more focused discussion of its participation in beta-cell apoptosis. We suggest that iPLA(2)beta-derived products trigger pathways which can lead to beta-cell apoptosis during the development of diabetes.|*Apoptosis[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium/metabolism[MESH]|Cell Death[MESH]|Cell Proliferation[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Group VI Phospholipases A2/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Insulin-Secreting Cells/*enzymology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |
