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lüll Toll-like receptors--sentries in the B-cell response Bekeredjian-Ding I; Jego GImmunology 2009[Nov]; 128 (3): 311-23Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a central role in the initiation of the innate immune response to pathogens. Upon recognition of molecular motifs specific for microbial molecules TLR mediate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhance antigen presentation; in B cells they further promote expansion, class switch recombination and immunoglobulin secretion. As a result of their adjuvant properties, TLR ligands have become an integral component of antimicrobial vaccines. In spite of this, little is known of the direct effects of TLR engagement on B-lymphocyte function. The scope of this review is to outline the differences in TLR expression and reactivity in murine and human B-cell subsets and to provide an overview of the currently available literature. We will further discuss the possible roles of TLR in regulating B-cell effector functions and shaping antibody-mediated defence against microbial pathogens in vivo.|*Immunity, Innate[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Antibody Formation[MESH]|B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunoglobulin Class Switching[MESH]|Immunomodulation[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Toll-Like Receptors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |