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lüll Physiology and function of the tight junction Anderson JM; Van Itallie CMCold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2009[Aug]; 1 (2): a002584Understanding of tight junctions has evolved from their historical perception as inert solute barriers to recognition of their physiological and biochemical complexity. Many proteins are specifically localized to tight junctions, including cytoplasmic actin-binding proteins and adhesive transmembrane proteins. Among the latter are claudins, which are critical barrier proteins. Current information suggests that the paracellular barrier is most usefully modeled as having two physiologic components: a system of charge-selective small pores, 4 A in radius, and a second pathway created by larger discontinuities in the barrier, lacking charge or size discrimination. The first pathway is influenced by claudin expression patterns and the second is likely controlled by different proteins and signals. Recent information on claudin function and disease-causing mutations have led to a more complete understanding of their role in barrier formation, but progress is impeded by lack of high resolution structural information.|Amino Acid Sequence[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Biological Transport[MESH]|Cell Membrane/metabolism[MESH]|Claudins/metabolism[MESH]|Cytoplasm/metabolism[MESH]|Electrophysiology/methods[MESH]|Genetic Predisposition to Disease[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Molecular Sequence Data[MESH]|Sequence Homology, Amino Acid[MESH]|Tight Junctions/*metabolism/*physiology[MESH] |