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lüll Regulation of autoreactive B cell responses to endogenous TLR ligands Avalos AM; Busconi L; Marshak-Rothstein AAutoimmunity 2010[Feb]; 43 (1): 76-83Immune complexes containing DNA and RNA are responsible for disease manifestations found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells contribute to SLE pathology through BCR recognition of endogenous DNA- and RNA- associated autoantigens and delivery of these self-constituents to endosomal TLR9 and TLR7, respectively. B cell activation by these pathways leads to production of class-switched DNA- and RNA-reactive autoantibodies, contributing to an inflammatory amplification loop characteristic of disease. Intriguingly, self-DNA and RNA are typically non-stimulatory for TLR9/7 due to the absence of stimulatory sequences or the presence of molecular modifications. Recent evidence from our laboratory and others suggests that B cell activation by BCR/TLR pathways is tightly regulated by surface-expressed receptors on B cells, and the outcome of activation depends on the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. Either IFNalpha engagement of the type I IFN receptor or loss of IgG ligation of the inhibitory FcgammaRIIB receptor promotes B cell activation by weakly stimulatory DNA and RNA TLR ligands. In this context, autoreactive B cells can respond robustly to common autoantigens. These findings have important implications for the role of B cells in vivo in the pathology of SLE.|Animals[MESH]|Autoantigens/immunology[MESH]|B-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH]|Disease Models, Animal[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Innate/immunology[MESH]|Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*immunology[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation[MESH]|Toll-Like Receptor 7/*immunology[MESH]|Toll-Like Receptor 9/*immunology[MESH] |