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lüll Lymphocytes in cancer development: polarization towards pro-tumor immunity Ruffell B; DeNardo DG; Affara NI; Coussens LMCytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010[Feb]; 21 (1): 3-10The classic view that the role of immune cells in cancer is primarily one of tumor rejection has been supplanted by a more complex view of leukocytes having both pro- and anti-tumor properties. This shift is due to the now well recognized capabilities of several myeloid cell types that foster pro-tumor programming of premalignant tissue, as well as the discovery that subsets of leukocytes also suppress development and effector functions of lymphocytes important for mediating anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we focus on the underappreciated role that T lymphocytes play in promoting tumor development. This includes, in addition to the role of T regulatory cells, a role for natural killer T cells and CD4(+) T helper cells in suppressing anti-tumor immunity and promoting cancer growth and metastasis.|Animals[MESH]|Cytokines/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Killer Cells, Natural/immunology[MESH]|Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Models, Immunological[MESH]|Neoplasms/*etiology/*immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology[MESH] |