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lüll STIM and Orai proteins: players in sexual differences in hypertension-associated vascular dysfunction?Giachini FR; Webb RC; Tostes RCClin Sci (Lond) 2009[Dec]; 118 (6): 391-6Sex-associated differences in hypertension have been observed repeatedly in epidemiological studies; however, the mechanisms conferring vascular protection to females are not totally elucidated. Sex-related differences in intracellular Ca(2+) handling or, more specifically, in mechanisms that regulate Ca(2+) entry into vascular smooth muscle cells have been identified as players in sex-related differences in hypertension-associated vascular dysfunction. Recently, new signalling components that regulate Ca(2+) influx, in conditions of intracellular store depletion, were identified: STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1), which works as an intracellular Ca(2+) sensor; and Orai1, which is a component of the CRAC (Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+)) channels. Together, these proteins reconstitute store-operated Ca(2+) channel function. Disturbances in STIM1/Orai1 signalling have been implicated in pathophysiological conditions, including hypertension. In the present article, we analyse evidence for sex-related differences in Ca(2+) handling and propose a new hypothesis where sex-related differences in STIM/Orai signalling may contribute to hypertension-associated vascular differences between male and female subjects.|*Sex Characteristics[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium Channels/*metabolism[MESH]|Calcium/metabolism[MESH]|Cell Communication[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypertension/etiology/*metabolism[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Membrane Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|Microcirculation[MESH]|Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism[MESH]|Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism[MESH]|Neoplasm Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|ORAI1 Protein[MESH]|Rats[MESH]|Stromal Interaction Molecule 1[MESH] |