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lüll Functional anatomy of T cell activation and synapse formation Fooksman DR; Vardhana S; Vasiliver-Shamis G; Liese J; Blair DA; Waite J; Sacristan C; Victora GD; Zanin-Zhorov A; Dustin MLAnnu Rev Immunol 2010[]; 28 (ä): 79-105T cell activation and function require a structured engagement of antigen-presenting cells. These cell contacts are characterized by two distinct dynamics in vivo: transient contacts resulting from promigratory junctions called immunological kinapses or prolonged contacts from stable junctions called immunological synapses. Kinapses operate in the steady state to allow referencing to self-peptide-MHC (pMHC) and searching for pathogen-derived pMHC. Synapses are induced by T cell receptor (TCR) interactions with agonist pMHC under specific conditions and correlate with robust immune responses that generate effector and memory T cells. High-resolution imaging has revealed that the synapse is highly coordinated, integrating cell adhesion, TCR recognition of pMHC complexes, and an array of activating and inhibitory ligands to promote or prevent T cell signaling. In this review, we examine the molecular components, geometry, and timing underlying kinapses and synapses. We integrate recent molecular and physiological data to provide a synthesis and suggest ways forward.|*Lymphocyte Activation[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cell Communication[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunological Synapses/*immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/metabolism[MESH] |