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lüll Estrogen and xenoestrogens in breast cancer Fernandez SV; Russo JToxicol Pathol 2010[Jan]; 38 (1): 110-22There is growing concern that estrogenic environmental compounds that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals might potentially have adverse effects on hormone-sensitive organs such as the breast. This concern is further fueled by evidence indicating that natural estrogens, specifically 17beta-estradiol, are important factors in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We have developed an in vitro-in vivo model in which we have demonstrated the carcinogenicity of E2 in human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F. Hypermethylation of NRG1, STXBP6, BMP6, CSS3, SPRY1, and SNIP were found at different progression stages in this model. The use of this powerful and unique model has provided a tool for exploring whether bisphenol A and butyl benzyl phthalate have relevance in the initiation of breast cancer. These studies provide firsthand evidence that the natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol and xenoestrogenic substances like bisphenol A are able to induce neoplastic transformation in human breast epithelial cells.|Benzhydryl Compounds[MESH]|Breast Neoplasms/*chemically induced[MESH]|Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*chemically induced[MESH]|DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1[MESH]|DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/analysis[MESH]|DNA Methylation[MESH]|DNA Methyltransferase 3A[MESH]|Epigenesis, Genetic[MESH]|Estradiol/*toxicity[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Gene Silencing[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Phenols/*toxicity[MESH]|Phthalic Acids/*toxicity[MESH] |