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Astrocyte elevated gene-1: far more than just a gene regulated in astrocytes Sarkar D; Emdad L; Lee SG; Yoo BK; Su ZZ; Fisher PBCancer Res 2009[Nov]; 69 (22): 8529-35Since its original cloning by subtraction hybridization in 2002, it is now evident that Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a key contributor to the carcinogenic process in diverse organs. AEG-1 protein expression is elevated in advanced stages of many cancers, which correlates with poor survival. In specific cancers, such as breast and liver cancer, the AEG-1 gene itself is amplified, further supporting a seminal role in tumorigenesis. Overexpression and inhibition studies both in in vitro and in in vivo models reveal the importance of AEG-1 in regulating multiple physiologically and pathologically relevant processes including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and gene expression. AEG-1 is a single-pass transmembrane protein with multiple nuclear localization signals and no known domains or motifs. Although pertinent roles of AEG-1 in the carcinogenic process are established, its potential function (promotion of metastasis only versus functioning as a bona fide oncogene) as well as localization (cell surface versus nucleus) remain areas requiring further clarification. The present review critically evaluates what is currently known about AEG-1 and provides new perspectives relative to this intriguing molecule that may provide a rational target for intervening in the cancer phenotype.|Animals[MESH]|Astrocytes/*physiology[MESH]|Cell Adhesion Molecules/*physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Membrane Proteins[MESH]|Neoplasms/*genetics[MESH]|RNA-Binding Proteins[MESH] |
