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lüll Rat Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors and osmoreceptors Boulais N; Pennec JP; Lebonvallet N; Pereira U; Rougier N; Dorange G; Chesne C; Misery LPLoS One 2009[Nov]; 4 (11): e7759Merkel cells (MCs) associated with nerve terminals constitute MC-neurite complexes, which are involved in slowly-adapting type I mechanoreception. Although MCs are known to express voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and hypotonic-induced membrane deformation is known to lead to Ca2+ transients, whether MCs initiate mechanotransduction is currently unknown. To answer to this question, rat MCs were transfected with a reporter vector, which enabled their identification.Their properties were investigated through electrophysiological studies. Voltage-gated K+, Ca2+ and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa)channels were identified, as previously described. Here, we also report the activation of Ca2+ channels by histamine and their inhibition by acetylcholine. As a major finding, we demonstrated that direct mechanical stimulations induced strong inward Ca2+ currents in MCs. Depolarizations were dependent on the strength and the length of the stimulation. Moreover, touch-evoked currents were inhibited by the stretch channel antagonist gadolinium. These data confirm the mechanotransduction capabilities of MCs. Furthermore, we found that activation of the osmoreceptor TRPV4 in FM1-43-labeled MCs provoked neurosecretory granule exocytosis. Since FM1-43 blocks mechanosensory channels, this suggests that hypo-osmolarity activates MCs in the absence of mechanotransduction. Thus, mechanotransduction and osmoreception are likely distinct pathways.|Acetylcholine/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium/metabolism[MESH]|Electrophysiology/methods[MESH]|Histamine/metabolism[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Mechanoreceptors/metabolism[MESH]|Membrane Potentials[MESH]|Merkel Cells/*cytology[MESH]|Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Osmosis[MESH]|Potassium/metabolism[MESH]|Rats[MESH]|Rats, Wistar[MESH] |