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lüll Innate and adaptive immune responses regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) Beurel E; Michalek SM; Jope RSTrends Immunol 2010[Jan]; 31 (1): 24-31In just a few years, the view of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has been transformed from an obscure enzyme seldom encountered in the immune literature to one implicated in an improbably large number of roles. GSK3 is a crucial regulator of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in both the periphery and the central nervous system, so that GSK3 inhibitors such as lithium can diminish inflammation. GSK3 influences T-cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Many effects stem from GSK3 regulation of critical transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, NFAT and STATs. These discoveries led to the rapid application of GSK3 inhibitors to animal models of sepsis, arthritis, colitis, multiple sclerosis and others, demonstrating their potential for therapeutic intervention.|*Adaptive Immunity[MESH]|*Immunity, Innate[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors/*immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lithium/pharmacology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |