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lüll Controversies in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated renal diseases Bruggeman LA; Nelson PJNat Rev Nephrol 2009[Oct]; 5 (10): 574-81The two most common HIV-associated renal diseases, HIV-associated nephropathy and HIV immune-complex kidney disease, share the common pathologic finding of hyperplasia within the glomerulus. Podocyte injury is central to the pathogenesis of these diseases; however, the source of the proliferating glomerular epithelial cell remains a topic of debate. Parenchymal injury has been linked to direct infection of renal epithelial cells by HIV-1, although the mechanism of viral entry into this non-lymphoid compartment is unclear. Although transgenic rodent models have provided insight into viral proteins responsible for inducing renal disease, such models have substantial limitations. Rodent HIV-1 models, for instance, cannot replicate all features of immune activation, a process that could have an important role in the pathogenesis of the HIV-associated renal diseases.|Animals[MESH]|Disease Models, Animal[MESH]|HIV Infections/*complications[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Kidney Diseases/*etiology/immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Podocytes/pathology[MESH]|Rats[MESH] |