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lüll Diversity, epidemiology, and genetics of class D beta-lactamases Poirel L; Naas T; Nordmann PAntimicrob Agents Chemother 2010[Jan]; 54 (1): 24-38Class D beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to beta-lactams has been increasingly reported during the last decade. Those enzymes also known as oxacillinases or OXAs are widely distributed among Gram negatives. Genes encoding class D beta-lactamases are known to be intrinsic in many Gram-negative rods, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but play a minor role in natural resistance phenotypes. The OXAs (ca. 150 variants reported so far) are characterized by an important genetic diversity and a great heterogeneity in terms of beta-lactam hydrolysis spectrum. The acquired OXAs possess either a narrow spectrum or an expanded spectrum of hydrolysis, including carbapenems in several instances. Acquired class D beta-lactamase genes are mostly associated to class 1 integron or to insertion sequences.|Amino Acid Sequence[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Bacteria/*enzymology/*genetics[MESH]|Bacterial Infections/*epidemiology/*genetics[MESH]|Drug Resistance, Bacterial[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Molecular Epidemiology[MESH]|Molecular Sequence Data[MESH]|beta-Lactamases/*genetics/*metabolism[MESH] |