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Recently discovered T cell subsets cannot keep their commitments Strom TB; Koulmanda MJ Am Soc Nephrol 2009[Aug]; 20 (8): 1677-80After activation by antigen/MHC (signal 1) and CD28-dependent co-stimulation (signal 2), resting CD4(+) T cells commit to one of a variety of functionally and molecularly defined phenotypes. Two long established CD4 phenotypes, Th1 and Th2 cells, have been regarded as terminally differentiated formats. Recently, two additional phenotypes, tissue-protective regulatory (Tregs) and tissue-destructive Th17 T cells, have also been discovered, and neither represents a terminally differentiated phenotype. Rather, Tregs and Th17(+) cells respond to cues provided by the inflammatory texture in which these cells reside. We review the important scientific and therapeutic implications of these differences herein.|Animals[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immune Tolerance[MESH]|Phenotype[MESH]|T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*physiology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*physiology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*physiology[MESH] |
