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lüll Requirements and assessment of laboratory tests: Part 5 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications Bautsch WDtsch Arztebl Int 2009[Jun]; 106 (24): 403-6BACKGROUND: Current laboratory tests exhibit high sensitivity and specificity combined with comparatively low costs thus favoring broad and uncritical ordering habits. METHODS: Introduction of Bayes' theorem and discussion of its implications for laboratory test results in a mostly non-technical form, accompanied by a selective literature review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: According to Bayes' theorem the positive predictive value of laboratory test results is directly dependent on the prevalence of the disease in a given patient cohort. Thus, the clinical value of a given test result is critically dependent on a precise indication. Ordering of tests that are not indicated in a given patient is clinically useless and undesirable, where detailed information on disease prevalence is missing. These considerations are valid irrespective of ethical or economic considerations.|*Clinical Laboratory Techniques[MESH]|*Periodicals as Topic[MESH]|Reproducibility of Results[MESH]|Science[MESH]|Sensitivity and Specificity[MESH] |